IGNOU MGPE-013 CIVIL SOCIETY, POLITICAL REGIMES & CONFLICT Notes In English Medium

1. Describe the role of United Nations in the establishment of global peace.

Answer-

Introduction

The United Nations was created in 1945, following the devastation of the Second World War, with one central mission the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN accomplishes this by working to prevent conflict, helping parties in conflict make global peace, deploying peacekeepers, and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. These activities often overlap and should reinforce one another, to be effective. The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for international peace and security. The General Assembly and the Secretary-General play major, important, and complementary roles, along with other UN offices and bodies. These members are the United States of America, France, Britain, China and Russia.

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Meaning of global peace

World peace is an idea of a world without violence, where nations try to work with each other. World peace could mean equal human rights, technology, free education for everyone, engineering, availability of medicine, diplomats and/or an end to all forms of fighting.

Role of United Nations in the establishment of global peace.

Peacekeeping

• Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist countries to navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate political processes, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support constitutional processes and the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law and extending legitimate state authority.
• Peacekeeping operations get their mandates from the UN Security Council their troops and police are contributed by Members States and they are managed by the Department of Peace Operations and supported by the Department of Operational Support at UN Headquarters in New York.
• There are 12 UN peacekeeping operations currently deployed and there have been a total of 71 deployed since 1948. In 2019, the Secretary-General launched the Action for Peacekeeping Initiative (A4P) to renew mutual political commitment to peacekeeping operations.

Peacebuilding Activities

the deployment of a multi-dimensional United Nations peacekeeping operation may help to stem violence in the short-term, it is unlikely to result in a sustainable peace unless accompanied by programmes designed to prevent the recurrence of conflict. Every situation invariably presents its own specific set of challenges. However, experience has shown that the achievement of a sustainable peace requires progress in at least four critical areas:

1. Restoring the State's ability to provide security and maintain public order,
2. Strengthening the rule of law12 and respect for human rights;
3. Supporting the emergence of legitimate political institutions and participatory processes;
4. Promoting social and economic recovery and development, including the safe return or resettlement of internally displaced persons and refugees uprooted by conflict.

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Peace enforcement

Peace enforcement involves the application, with the authorization of the Security Council, of a range of coercive measures, including the use of military force. Such actions are authorized to restore international peace and security in situations where the Security Council has determined the existence of a threat to the peace, breach ofthe peace or act of aggression. The Security Council may utilize, where appropriate, regional organizations and agencies for enforcement action under its authority.

functions of a multi-dimensional United Nation's peacekeeping operation are to:

1. Create a secure and stable environment while strengthening the State's ability to provide security, with full respect for the rule of law and human rights.

2. Facilitate the political process by promoting dialogue and reconciliation and supporting the establishment of legitimate and effective institutions of governance;

3. Provide a framework for ensuring that all United Nations and other international actors pursue their activities at the country-level in a coherent and coordinated manner.

Conclusion

The UN has helped end conflicts and foster reconciliation by conducting successful peacekeeping operations in dozens of countries, including Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mozambique, Namibia and Tajikistan.

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