NIOS Class-10th Chapter wise Important Topics
HOME SCIENCE(216)
Ch- 12 HOUSING
Ques 31. What are the things that need to be kept in mind while selecting a site for a house ?
Answer - The things that need to be kept in mind while selecting a site for a house are:
- Neighbourhood: Attention must be given to the environment and the neighbourhood where the house is to be located. The house should be in the area which is developed in all aspects. A place is called a developed area when it has electricity, roads and drainage laid out. Common facilities like post office, banks, school and markets are available near by.
- Physical features: While selecting a site, choose a house in an open area. It should not be close to heavy traffic areas. These can affect health and activities due to air and noise pollution. Low lying areas should be avoided due to danger of flooding or water logging. An elevated site provides better view to the house.
- Soil: The foundation of the house should be strong for it to stand on. The foundation depends upon the type of soil. The soil should be firm till 2 to 5 feet below the surface for a strong foundation. While constructing a house, it is important to consider the type of soil in a region. Loose soil creates problem for the house in later years as the house may tilt due to shifting of soil.
- The sandy and gravel type of soils tend to make the house hot to live in.
- Rocky surface is good for foundation but does not absorb water and creates problems in laying of drainage pipes.
- Sanitary requirements: Such vacant plots which are filled with garbage. Such a piece of land is not recommended for construction of a house. A house built on such a plot will have uneven soil level and drainage problems. The site should be filled with fresh and firm soil and elevated to the level of the road outside.
- Practical convenience: Adults living in a house have to go to their jobs and children have to go to school or college. To meet our daily needs, we need a market. To travel, transport facilities such as railway station or bus stand is required. Similarly, a family needs practical conveniences such as post office, bank and hospital nearby. These should be within reasonable walking distance of a house.
Ques 32. Explain the types of cleaning and activities performed during cleaning.
Answer - The types of cleaning and activities done during cleaning are as follows:
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Daily cleaning
- Sweeping and mopping of floors
- Dusting surfaces
- Cleaning of rugs and carpets
- Making beds in the morning
- Tidying up objects in every room
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Weekly cleaning
- Thorough cleaning of different surface areas.
- Materials like bathrooms, toilets and wash basins.
- Removing cobwebs.
- Cleaning shelves of kitchens.
- Cleaning door handles and other fittings.
- Polishing the wooden surfaces and other areas.
- Cleaning mirrors and pictures.
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Spring or seasonal cleaning
- Airing mattresses, cushions,
- pillow, rugs and carpets in
- sunlight
- Washing curtains
- Thorough cleaning of rooms after
- removing all furniture
- Cleaning the store room
- Cleaning and polishing of the
- wood work and getting any repairs done
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