NIOS Class 10th Home Science (216) Important Question & Answer Ch 2

NIOS Class-10th Chapter wise Important Topics

HOME SCIENCE(216)

Ch. 2 Food and its Nutrients?

Ques 4. How is food important for the human body? Discuss.

Answer -

Food satisfies our hunger and provides energy for day to day living. It is also an important part of all our social occasions. it also serves social purposes. When we are away from our home we not only miss our family members but also miss home food. Food provides energy to fight diseases and helps our body to protect from diseases and get rid of diseases. Therefore, we eat food to satiate hunger, to feel good and to celebrate various occasions. Thus food fulfills various functions.

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Ques 5. Describe nutrients and their functions.

Answer - The food we eat contains many chemical substances. These chemical substances are known as nutrients. nutrients are invisible compounds in the food which are necessary for keeping the body healthy. These nutrients have different names and functions to perform in our body.

The common nutrients in our food are:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Fibre
• Water

Ques 6. Explain the diseases caused by deficiency of nutrients.

Answer - The deficiency is caused due to shortage or absence of certain nutrients in our daily diet. Deficiency disease is a condition which occurs in the body when a particular nutrient in our daily meals has been missing for a long period. Often the deficiency is reversible if the missing nutrient is detected early and missing nutrient is adequately replaced.

Diseases caused by nutrient deficiency:

1. Proteins

When there is lack of proteins and energy in the diet for a long time a deficiency disease known as Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) occurs. This deficiency occurs mainly in children below 5 years of age. In our country PEM is widely prevalent in children belonging to poor and underprivileged communities. When the child is suffering from PEM, often diarrhea and other infections occur due to low body resistance to diseases.

2. Vitamin - A

Since Vitamin A is required for growth and development of the body. Lack of this vitamin results in stunted growth. Deficiency of Vitamin A also leads to dryness of conjunctiva (the white portion of the eye). At a later stage the conjunctiva may become wrinkled. The cornea (black part of eye) may also become cloudy. At this stage the problem of night blindness sets in, i.e., the child cannot see in dim light.

3. Iron

Iron deficiency anaemia is another major nutritional problem in our country. It is found in women and children in all income groups. In iron deficiency anemia, there is not enough haemoglobin in blood, therefore, the supply of oxygen to the cells is reduced. When this happens, we feel tired, restless and fatigued all the time. Therefore, we cannot work to our full potential.

4. Vitamin - B

One does not feel hungry and has difficulty in digesting food. In earlier times a disease known as Beri Beri was quite prevalent in areas where polished rice was the staple food.

5. Vitamin - C

Vitamin C deficiency In the absence of fresh fruits and vegetables in our diet often deficiency of Vitamin C occurs. It is called Scurvy. Our gums, bones and teeth become weak. Gums swell up and start bleeding. Wounds also do not heal quickly.

6. Iodine

Deficiency of iodine leads to a number of disorders like goitre, cretinism, mental retardation and deaf mutism. A severe deficiency of iodine during prenatal life may lead to Cretinism (severe mental retardation).

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