1. What are the determinants of market demand? How do the changes in these determinants make the movement along the demand curve and shift in demand curve?
Answer:
Market demand refers to the total quantity of a good or service that all consumers in a market are willing and able to purchase at various prices over a given period of time. It is derived by summing up the individual demands of all consumers in the market for that good or service.
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Determinants of Market Demand:
A) Price of the Good:
A key factor; as the price of a good decreases, its demand typically increases, and vice versa.
B) Income of Consumers:
- Normal Goods: Demand increases with an increase in income.
- Inferior Goods: Demand decreases as income rises.
C) Prices of Related Goods
- Substitutes: Demand for a good increase when the price of its substitute rises.
- Complements: Demand for a good decrease when the price of its complement rises.
D) Consumer Tastes and Preferences:
- Changes in tastes due to trends, culture, or advertisement can increase or decrease demand.
E) Consumer Expectations:
- If consumers expect future prices to rise, they may increase current demand.
Movement Along the Demand Curve vs. Shift in the Demand Curve:
Movement Along the Demand Curve:
- Cause: Changes in the price of the good itself.
- Effect: Leads to a change in the quantity demanded (either expansion or contraction).
When the price decreases, there is a downward movement along the demand curve (expansion of demand). When the price increases, there is an upward movement along the curve (contraction of demand).
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Shift in the Demand Curve:
- Cause: Changes in determinants other than the price of the good, such as income, tastes, or the prices of related goods.
- Effect: Leads to a change in demand (increase or decrease).
- Rightward Shift: Indicates an increase in demand due to factors like higher income or favorable preferences.
- Leftward Shift: Indicates a decrease in demand due to factors like lower income or unfavorable preferences.
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