NIOS Class 10th Home Science (216) Important Question & Answer Ch 7

NIOS Class-10th Chapter wise Important Topics

HOME SCIENCE(216)

Ch- 7 Health

Ques 16. Mention the characteristics of good physical, mental and social health of a person.

Answer - The characteristics of good physical, mental and social health of a person are as follows:

1. Characteristics of good physical health When you are in good physical health you you are energetic and alert; Your weight remains normal according to your age and height. Your eyes remain sharp and shining and your skin remains clear and beautiful. Your hair continues to grow normally with its natural color and appearance. Your digestive system remains good and you get good sleep. Such people are active, responsive and happy and can comparatively work harder and perform better.

2. Characteristics of good mental health If you have good mental health, you shall have Control over your emotions Balanced feelings, desires, ambitions and ideas; Ability to accept the realities of life and face them; Confidence in your abilities; There is a feeling of cooperation towards other people. The ability to take help from others when needed develops. The ability to seek help when needed.

3. Characteristics of good social health If you have good social health you shall Have a positive attitude towards life; Get along well with others; Have a pleasant personality; Fulfil responsibilities and duties towards others; Have healthy interpersonal relationships and Be able to accept disagreement positively.

Ques 17. Mention the factors affecting personal health.

Answer - Following are the factors affecting personal health:

1. Balanced diet

A "balanced diet" is a diet that contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and fiber in the right proportions to meet the nutritional requirements of a person at a given age. A teenage boy needs about 2400 to 2600 calories of energy per day and a teenage girl needs about 2500 calories of energy.

2. Personal hygiene

To keep yourself free from diseases and keep your health good, you should constantly follow cleanliness. There are some common actions in our day-to-day life that protect us from infectious diseases. These actions are:

• One should take bath regularly and wear clean clothes.
• Regular defecation keeps you physically fit and healthy.
• Hands must be washed before eating. Where soap is not available for washing hands, ash can be used.
• By brushing teeth daily, germs do not develop between the teeth. Brushing teeth before sleeping at night is a good habit.
• Hair should be washed, combed regularly and nails should be kept short and clean. Biting nails with mouth is not a good habit and it is harmful for health. Washing the eyes with water keeps the eyes free from dust and germs.

3. Domestic hygiene

Broom and mop should be used in the house so that our house can remain clean and free from dust, flies and germs. Throwing garbage in the dustbin keeps the surrounding area clean. This protects from mosquitoes and flies and does not cause diseases caused by bacteria.

4. Food Hygiene

Fruits and vegetables should be washed in clean water before eating and cooking to free them from germs and pesticides (spraying chemicals to keep plants insect-free).

• Food should be prepared in a clean kitchen and in a neat and clean manner.
• While cooking food, it should be heated at high temperature so that the germs present in it are destroyed.
• Cooked food should be eaten fresh or covered and kept in a cool, dry and germ-free place.
• Milk should be stored in the refrigerator and if it is to be stored outside, it should be boiled again to keep it germ-free.

3. Exercise

Regular walking and physical exercise have good effect on health. Outdoor games and sports keep the heart and circulatory system in good condition. Walking keeps the joints and bones healthy.

4. Regular sleep and relaxation

The mind and body need rest. A light nap, regular sleep and rest for some time refreshes your body and mind and gives you energy again. This process also helps in rebuilding body tissues.

Avoid smoking, alcohol and drugs

To remain healthy, a person should not consume smoking, tobacco, paan, gutka and alcohol. Consuming these substances causes health problems such as kidney damage, heart problems, deterioration of teeth and gums and problems with other oral tissues.

Ques 18. What is immunity ? Describe the types of immunity.

Answer - Immunity: Immunity is the body's overall ability to defend itself against external factors, including disease-causing bacteria.

There are two types of immunity:

Natural Immunity: This immunity is acquired by the person from birth and it provides normal protection against the entry of any foreign pathogen into our body. Even if diseases enter the body, they are destroyed. This hydrochloric acid in the stomach destroys the particles that enter our body with food.

Acquired immunity - This immunity develops during the lifetime of the person and is therefore called acquired or artificial immunity. It works on the general principle of production of antibodies in response to antigens. Antibodies are protein molecules produced by the body's specialized defense cells, lymphocytes. These are white blood cells.

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