NIOS Class 10th Home Science (216) Important Question & Answer Ch 8

NIOS Class-10th Chapter wise Important Topics

HOME SCIENCE(216)

Ch- 8 Communicable and Lifestyle Diseases

Ques 19. Give suggestions for prevention of lifestyle diseases.

Answer - Suggestions for prevention of lifestyle diseases are:

• Take up regular exercise like walking, yoga, dancing, aerobics and cycling.
• Use stair-case instead of lift or escalator.
• Take a balanced diet at proper meal times. Do not over-eat.
• Processed and packaged foods that are rich in sugar, fats, salt and calories and low in fiber, good quality protein, minerals (iron and calcium) and vitamins.
• Eat whole grains like cereals (wheat, whole wheat flour), millets (jowar, bajra) and avoid refined foods like maida.
• Eat 400 - 500 gms of seasonal fruits and vegetables in a day.
• Drink plenty of water.
• Practice yoga or meditation to avoid stress in life.
• keep away from smoking and drinking alcohol.
• spend less time in sitting and watching television and pursue outdoor games and activities like gardening, playing a sport like football, cricket and badminton.

Ques 20. Shazia went to a fair and there she ate food covered in flies and dust. The next day he started vomiting and having diarrhea and started having pain in his legs. What do these symptoms indicate ? What steps will you take to care for the patient ?

Answer - Shazia went to a fair and there she ate food covered in flies and dust. The next day he started vomiting and having diarrhea and started having pain in his legs. Vomiting, diarrhea and pain in legs are symptoms of “cholera disease”.

The following steps should be taken to care for the patient:

• The main objective of dietary change in cholera is to give rest to the patient's digestive system. For this, do not give any solid food to the patient.
• Give life saving solution (ORS), water or as much fluid as possible to prevent dehydration.
• When the intensity of the disease decreases, liquid or moist liquid without fiber such as buttermilk, soup, pulse water etc. should be given.
• The patient's diet should be soft. It should not contain fruits and vegetables with fiber and seeds because they cause mechanical irritation in the intestines.
• Food items containing excessive chilli-spicy, fried and oily food should be avoided.
• The diet of a patient suffering from cholera should neither be too hot nor too cold.

Ques 21. Write the full form of HIV / AIDS. How does the HIV / AIDS virus spread? Also, suggest some preventive measures.

Answer - The full form of HIV/AIDS is:

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The HIV/AIDS virus spreads in the following ways:

(i) By unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person.

(ii) By exchange of bodily fluids, for example blood transfusion.

(iii) Using contaminated needles while administering vaccines etc.

(iv) From infected mother to child during pregnancy or at birth.

As of now, there is neither any cure for HIV/AIDS nor any vaccine available to prevent it. However some preventive measures can be adopted:

• Limit sexual relations to one person and practice protection during sexual contact.
• Always use a sterilized needle while injecting.
• In case of need for blood transfusion, obtain properly tested blood only from registered blood banks.
• Consult a doctor for pregnancy if you are infected with HIV.

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