NIOS Class 10th Home Science (216) Question Paper Solution OCT 2024 SET A

NIOS Question Paper OCT 2024 SET A

Home Science(216) In English (Sec-B)

Question 40-47

40. Lack of information is one of the major problems of consumers. Give any four examples of this.

Answer - Lack of information is one of the major problems faced by consumers. Four examples of this are as follows:

• Price Variation: Sometimes, shopkeepers charge more than the printed price on the product. However, shopkeepers cannot charge more than the MRP (Maximum Retail Price).
• Counterfeit: Many products have packaging that imitates famous brand packaging. Often, names similar to well-known brands are used to deceive consumers.
  For example, a well-known toothpaste brand "Colgate" is imitated by a toothpaste called "College," which has the same color and design on the outer packaging.
• Misleading Information or Lack of Information: Most product advertisements are misleading and exaggerated (overstated). The products are not as effective as claimed in the advertisements.
• Lack of Standardized Products: The market is flooded with low-quality products. Have you ever wondered why shopkeepers describe these low-quality items as better and are even willing to offer guarantees for them? This is because they receive higher commissions on these low-quality products compared to standardized ones.

OR

In what four ways do packages help consumers?

Answer - Packaging helps consumers in several ways, primarily by providing safety, convenience, information, and enhancing attractiveness.

• Safety - Packaging protects the product from damage during transportation, storage, and usage. For example, packaging is used to prevent food from getting contaminated.
• Convenience - Packaging makes it easier to carry, use, and store the product. For instance, food items packed in small containers or pouches are easy to carry while traveling.
• Providing Information - Packaging contains important information about the product, such as ingredients, usage instructions, and warnings. This information helps consumers choose and use the right product.
• Enhancing Attractiveness - Attractive packaging draws consumers to buy the product. Well-designed packaging strengthens the brand identity and makes the product stand out from competitors.

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41. Mr. Sharma earns Rs. 25,000 per month. He lives in a three bedroom rented accommodation in Delhi. Help him make a format to record his monthly expenditure on transport and household bills.

Answer - We can create a simple and organized format to record Mr. Sharma's monthly expenses, which includes his major expenses (such as rent, transportation, utility bills, etc.). This format will help him keep track of his spending.

Monthly Expense Format:

Total Monthly Expense: ₹ 25,000

By filling out this format, Mr. Sharma will have a clear and detailed picture of his monthly expenses, which will help him create a budget and gain control over his spending. He can use this format every month to identify any changes or unnecessary expenses.

42. Explain any six advantages of using a septic tank.

Answer - Septic Tank: A septic tank is an alternative for the disposal of human and other waste. This method essentially involves the construction of a concrete tank or pit. Household drainage pipes are connected to these pits.

:Six Benefits of Using a Septic Tank:

• Helps maintain cleanliness.
• These are cost-effective and easier to construct compared to water closet systems.
• Septic tanks do not pollute the land or groundwater and are free from odor.
• This system requires only 1.5 to 2 liters of water, compared to the 13-14 liters required by traditional flush toilets.
• The waste collected in the pit can be converted into good compost.
• Prevents the breeding of mosquitoes, germs, and flies.

OR

How is a soakage pit made for removal of human excreta?

Answer - Septic Tank: A septic tank is an alternative for the disposal of human and other waste. This method essentially involves the construction of a concrete tank or pit. Household drainage pipes are connected to these pits.

:Six Benefits of Using a Septic Tank:

• Helps maintain cleanliness.
• These are more cost-effective and easier to construct compared to water closet systems.
• Septic tanks do not pollute the land or groundwater, and are free from odor.
• This system requires only 1.5 to 2 liters of water, compared to the 13-14 liters required by traditional flush toilets.
• The waste collected in the pit can be converted into good compost.
• Prevents the breeding of mosquitoes, germs, and flies.

43. Sequence the steps of preparing apple jam at home.

Answer - :Method to Make Apple Jam:

Step 1: Select good-quality apples and wash them thoroughly.
Step 2: Cut them into small pieces, removing the seeds and any hard parts. However, do not peel the apples.
Step 3: Cook the apples in water until the pieces become soft (you can cook them in a pressure cooker until one whistle).
Step 4: Carefully strain the apple pulp using a sieve.
Step 5: While stirring continuously, add sugar and citric acid to the pulp.
Step 6: Cook the mixture until it thickens and starts sticking  To the plate.
Step 7: Pour the hot jam into a wide-mouthed, sterilized bottle and let it cool.
Step 8: Store it in a cool place.

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44. Identify any two health risks of soil pollution. Give four suggestions to prevent this pollution.

Answer - :Health Risks Due to Soil Pollution:

• Heart diseases and cancer
• Nervous system-related problems

Four Suggestions to Prevent Soil Pollution:

• Proper disposal of household waste should be ensured so that flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches do not breed. Additionally, use environmentally friendly products.
• Instead of defecating in the open, use clean toilets.
• Limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
• Trees and plants prevent soil erosion and reduce pollution, so plant more trees.

OR

What are six possible reasons for the increase in polluted air?

Answer -  :Six Possible Causes of Increased Air Pollution:

• Burning of domestic fuels (wood, coal, etc.).
• Smoke from fireworks and firecrackers.
• Pollution caused by construction activities and road dust.
• Harmful gases released from petrol and diesel vehicles, which pollute the air.
• Gases emitted from factories and industries contribute to air pollution.
• The use of solvents and spray paints also pollutes the environment.

45. This month Suchita had to buy medicines for Rs. 2,000 as she got sick.

Suggest her three ways each by which she can

(i) supplement her income and

(ii) reduce her expenses.

Answer -

(i) Three Ways to Increase Income:

• Work based on your abilities, knowledge, and skills. For example – tutoring, sewing clothes, making handicraft items, etc.
• Work part-time.
• Work overtime.

(ii) Three Ways to Reduce Expenses:

• Purchase fruits and vegetables according to the season.
• Avoid food wastage and reduce the habit of eating out.
• Control expenses on electricity, water, etc.

46. What are the two positive impacts of media on personality of adolescents? In what three ways can adolescents maintain healthy relationships with their peers.

Answer - :Two Positive Effects of Media on Teenagers' Personality:

• Media not only raises awareness on various issues but also involves participation in various programs on television and radio.
• It also provides teenagers with the opportunity to publish their articles in newspapers, magazines, websites, etc.

 Three Ways Teenagers Can Maintain Healthy Relationships with Their Peers:

• Open Communication: Share thoughts and feelings honestly and listen carefully to others.
• Respect and Cooperation: Respect each other's opinions and feelings, offer help, and provide support.
• Resolve Disputes Peacefully: Resolve any differences or conflicts peacefully and with understanding.

OR

What are two reasons of stress during adolescence? In what three ways can they cope with this emotion?

Answer - :Two Causes of Stress During Adolescence:

• Educational Pressure: Pressure to get good grades, succeed in exams, and meet career-related expectations.
• Physical Changes and Concern About Self-Image: Physical changes during adolescence (such as height, weight, and skin problems) can affect self-image and self-confidence.

 Three Alternative Ways to Cope with Stress:

• Creative Activities: Engaging in activities like painting, music, dance, writing, or hobbies helps lighten the mind and provides self-expression.
• Time Management: Balancing study, sports, and entertainment can help reduce stress.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Nutritious food, adequate sleep, and regular exercise reduce both mental and physical stress.

 Five Instructions for Washing Colored Cotton Clothes at Home:

• If a cotton fabric’s color is bleeding, do not soak it.
• Use mild or neutral soap to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Use the method of gently scrubbing and squeezing to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Squeeze the clothes well, and in the final rinse, turn the clothes inside out and apply starch.
• Colored cotton clothes should be dried in the shade. If any moisture remains in the clothes, iron them and only store them once they are completely dry.

47. Give any five instructions to your sister to wash her coloured cotton articles at home.

Answer - :Instructions for Washing Colored Cotton Clothes at Home:

• If the color of any cotton fabric is bleeding, do not soak it.
• Use mild or neutral soap to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Use the method of gently scrubbing and squeezing to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Squeeze the clothes well, and in the final rinse, turn the clothes inside out and apply starch.
• Colored cotton clothes should be dried in the shade. If any moisture remains in the clothes, iron them and only store them once they are completely dry.

OR

You have set up a dyeing unit. Explain to your workers about batik procedure and the four different stages at which different textiles are dyed.

Answer - :Introduction to the Batik Process:
Batik is an ancient art that involves creating beautiful and intricate designs on fabric using wax and dyes. In this process, parts of the fabric are covered with wax to protect them from dye, and then dye is applied.

 Four Stages of the Batik Process:

1. Designing and Waxing:
   • The desired design is created on the fabric.
   • Melted wax is applied to the fabric according to the design.
   • This wax protects the areas from dye, creating the pattern.
2. First Dyeing:
   • The wax-covered fabric is dipped into a light-colored dye.
   • The waxed areas remain protected from the dye, while the rest of the fabric absorbs the color.
   • After dyeing, the fabric is dried.
3. Waxing and Overdyeing:
   • To add depth and variety to the design, wax is applied to new areas.
   • The fabric is then dipped into a darker dye.
   • This process is repeated until all desired colors are achieved.
4. Wax Removal and Finishing:

• The wax is removed by boiling the fabric in hot water or ironing it.
  • Once the wax is removed, the beautiful and intricate design appears on the fabric.
  • The finished fabric is washed, dried, and prepared for use.

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