NIOS Class 10th Home Science (216) Question Paper Solution OCT 2024 SET B

NIOS Question Paper OCT 2024 SET B

Home Science(216) In English (Sec-B)

Question 41-47

41. Why is food preservation important? Give four reasons.

Answer - Food Preservation: "It is the process by which food is protected from spoiling for a short or long period of time. Through this, the color, taste, and nutrients of the food are also preserved as much as possible."

:Four important reasons for food preservation are:

• Preservation provides a system for surplus production.
• Preservation adds variety to our food.
• Preserved food can be sent to places where it is not grown.
• Food preservation makes transportation and storage easier.

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42. Why are Sulabh Toilets becoming popular? Write six reasons.

Answer - :The six reasons why Sulabh Toilets are becoming popular are as follows:

1) Cleanliness and hygiene : Sulabh toilets are regularly cleaned and maintained, ensuring a high standard of hygiene.

2) Accessibility and availability : These toilets are easily available at public places such as bus stands, railway stations, markets, and crowded areas.

3) Low cost and affordable charges : Sulabh toilets can be used for a nominal fee, making them accessible to people from all economic backgrounds.

4) Environmental protection : These toilets help reduce open defecation and prevent the spread of diseases, contributing to environmental health.

5) Facilities for women and differently-abled individuals : Sulabh toilets have special provisions like separate sections, water facilities, and ramps for women and differently-abled persons.

6) Employment generation : The maintenance and cleaning of Sulabh toilets require regular staff, creating ample job opportunities for cleaners, managers, and caretakers.

OR

What six characteristics of a site are examined before constructing a building?

Answer - The following six characteristics of a site are examined before constructing a building:

1) Surrounding environment : The building should be constructed in a place with a clean, green, and developing environment. It should also have access to basic amenities such as roads, electricity, water, schools, and markets.

2) Physical characteristics : While selecting a site, it is important to choose an open area. The house should not be located near heavy traffic, as air and noise pollution from traffic can negatively affect health and other daily activities.

3) Nature of the soil : The foundation of the building depends on the nature of the soil, so it must be strong. For a strong foundation, the soil should be solid up to 2 to 5 feet below the surface.

4) Sanitation requirements : While selecting a construction site, cleanliness should be a top priority. The site should be free from filth, garbage, and stagnant water to prevent the spread of germs, flies, mosquitoes, and diseases.

5) Availability of essential services : The site should be located in a place where essential services such as schools, hospitals, markets, banks, and post offices are nearby. Having these facilities close by saves time and energy and ensures quick assistance in emergencies.

6) Social environment : The surrounding environment should be safe, peaceful, and supportive, with good neighbors, community facilities, and a cooperative atmosphere.

43. Sequence the steps of dehydration.

Answer - Dehydration: Dehydration refers to removing water or moisture from food items. For example, foods like potato chips, papad, banana chips, and vadi are dehydrated.

 Steps of dehydration :

Step 1: Clean all containers, plates, etc., used for drying and storing the food, and dry them in the sun. The lids of these containers should be airtight.

Step 2 : Wash the vegetables and fruits before drying. If necessary, cut them. Remove stems, seeds, and peels. If any part is rotten, discard it.

Step 3 : Blanch the vegetables, i.e., place them in boiling water. The blanching time depends on the hardness of the fruit/vegetable. Once they are heated, remove them. The blanching process reduces enzyme activity.

Step 4 : Place the vegetables in cold water mixed with salt and potassium metabisulfite (KMS) for 5-10 minutes. This helps prevent the food from turning black. Do not place leafy green vegetables or dark-colored vegetables in this solution, as it bleaches the color.

Step 5 : Spread the vegetables on a clean cloth in the sun. Cover them with a thin cloth to protect them from dust and flies.

Step 6 : Once the food is completely dry (check by testing its hardness), allow it to cool to room temperature. Then, store it in airtight containers.

44. This month Suchita had to buy medicines for Rs. 2,000 as she got sick. Suggest her three ways each by which she can

(i) supplement her income and                                      (ii) reduce her expenses.

Answer -

(i) Three Ways to Increase Income:

• Work based on your abilities, knowledge, and skills. For example – tutoring, sewing clothes, making handicraft items, etc.
• Work part-time.
• Work overtime.

(ii) Three Ways to Reduce Expenses:

• Purchase fruits and vegetables according to the season.
• Avoid food wastage and reduce the habit of eating out.
• Control expenses on electricity, water, etc.

45. Identify any two health risks of soil pollution. Give four suggestions to prevent this pollution.

Answer - :Health Risks Due to Soil Pollution:

• Heart diseases and cancer
• Nervous system-related problems

:Four Suggestions to Prevent Soil Pollution:

• Proper disposal of household waste should be ensured so that flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches do not breed. Additionally, use environmentally friendly products.
• Instead of defecating in the open, use clean toilets.
• Limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
• Trees and plants prevent soil erosion and reduce pollution, so plant more trees

OR

What are six possible reasons for the increase in polluted air?

Answer - :Six Possible Causes of Increased Air Pollution:

• Burning of domestic fuels (wood, coal, etc.).
• Smoke from fireworks and firecrackers.
• Pollution caused by construction activities and road dust.
• Harmful gases released from petrol and diesel vehicles, which pollute the air.
• Gases emitted from factories and industries contribute to air pollution.
• The use of solvents and spray paints also pollutes the environment.

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46. Give any five examples of cognitive characteristics of adolescents.

Answer - :Here are five examples of cognitive characteristics of adolescents:

• Abstract Thinking : At this stage, adolescents can imagine the impossible. For example, when they hear the saying "a cheetah cannot erase its spots," they understand that it means a person cannot change their inherent nature. Due to this ability, they can write poetry and understand sarcasm.
• Personal Narratives : Adolescents consider themselves unique and are not hesitant to take risks. They are motivated to bring about positive change in society, such as helping their peers and family or serving the country. However, they sometimes take risky actions, like driving at high speeds or riding without a helmet, which can have serious negative consequences.
• Organized Thinking : Adolescents can analyze complex problems and make logical decisions. For example, when planning a trip, they evaluate various options.
• Idealism : A key characteristic of adolescence is idealism. They have a deep understanding of right and wrong. Idealism leads to the development of positive thinking and proactive behavior. For instance, many young people assist during disasters or in difficult situations.
• Imaginary Audience : Adolescents believe that everyone is watching them. For example, if there is a small hole in their T-shirt, they feel that everyone is noticing it. They become more self-conscious about their surroundings.

OR

What are the two negative impacts of media on personality of adolescents? In what three ways can parents help reduce this effect?

Answer - : Two negative impacts of media on adolescents' personalities :

• Adolescents are often highly influenced by celebrities and tend to idolize film stars, professional athletes, and television actors, losing their own sense of identity. As a result, instead of developing their own personalities, they begin to imitate others.
• Artists and models influence young people with their ideal physical appearance. Many girls start controlling their diets, leading to various eating disorders. Similarly, boys, driven by the obsession to build muscles, focus excessively on weight training. They take supplements and medications to increase muscle mass and lifting capacity.

How parents can reduce the negative effects of media:

• Explain the difference between fantasy and reality : Parents can explain to adolescents that the images portrayed in the media are often far from reality, and they should not blindly follow them.
• Discuss the consequences of violence and risky behavior : Adolescents can be taught that the violence and risky actions shown in the media can be dangerous in real life.
• Develop critical thinking and decision-making skills : Parents can help adolescents develop the ability to distinguish between right and wrong and make sound decisions, allowing them to assess media messages correctly.

47. Give any five instructions to your sister to wash her coloured cotton articles at home.

Answer - :Instructions for Washing Colored Cotton Clothes at Home:

• If the color of any cotton fabric is bleeding, do not soak it.
• Use mild or neutral soap to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Use the method of gently scrubbing and squeezing to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Squeeze the clothes well, and in the final rinse, turn the clothes inside out and apply starch.
• Colored cotton clothes should be dried in the shade. If any moisture remains in the clothes, iron them and only store them once they are completely dry.

OR

You have set up a dyeing unit. Explain to your workers about batik procedure and the four different stages at which different textiles are dyed.

Answer - : Introduction to the Batik Process:
Batik is an ancient art that involves creating beautiful and intricate designs on fabric using wax and dyes. In this process, parts of the fabric are covered with wax to protect them from dye, and then dye is applied.

 Four Stages of the Batik Process:

1. Designing and Waxing:
   • The desired design is created on the fabric.
   • Melted wax is applied to the fabric according to the design.
   • This wax protects the areas from dye, creating the pattern.
2. First Dyeing:
   • The wax-covered fabric is dipped into a light-colored dye.
   • The waxed areas remain protected from the dye, while the rest of the fabric absorbs the color.
   • After dyeing, the fabric is dried.
3. Waxing and Overdyeing:
   • To add depth and variety to the design, wax is applied to new areas.
   • The fabric is then dipped into a darker dye.
   • This process is repeated until all desired colors are achieved.
4. Wax Removal and Finishing:

• The wax is removed by boiling the fabric in hot water or ironing it.
  • Once the wax is removed, the beautiful and intricate design appears on the fabric.
  • The finished fabric is washed, dried, and prepared for use.

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