NIOS Class 10th Home Science (216) Question Paper Solution OCT 2024 SET C

NIOS Question Paper OCT 2024 SET C

Home Science(216) In English (Sec B)

Question 41-47

41. You sister gets tired doing household chores. Identify any two unnecessary household activities that she can avoid. Suggest her one alternative each.

Answer - Two unnecessary household activities that can be avoided, along with an alternative for each:

1) Excessive cleaning:

• Unnecessary activity: Cleaning every corner of the house repeatedly, such as wiping the dust off furniture daily or cleaning small items frequently.
• Alternative: Complete the cleaning work once a week and clean only the essential areas (like the kitchen, bathroom) daily.

2) Excessive laundry :

• Unnecessary activity: Washing clothes every day, even when they are not very dirty.
• Alternative: Laundry can be done two or three times a week, eliminating the need to wash clothes daily and saving time.

OR

Your mother does not get time to rest from household work. Suggest her any six ways she can save her energy.

Answer - :Six ways to help your mother save energy :

• Collaborate on household tasks like cleaning, washing dishes, and cooking, so that the workload is shared.
• Use labor-saving devices such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners, which save both time and energy.
• Take short breaks instead of continuously working. This will allow the body to rest and help in getting back to work with renewed energy.
• Keep necessary items and tools nearby while cooking, so you don’t have to keep going back and forth for things.
• Adopt the right posture while doing household chores. For example, when using a broom with a long handle, one can sweep without bending over and can reach a wider area.
• Prioritize tasks and divide them according to the days of the week. For example, one day can be for sweeping and mopping, and another for washing clothes, etc.

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42. Which six features would you ensure while planning a kitchen in your new house?

Answer - :Six key features of a kitchen :

• Natural Light : The kitchen should receive direct sunlight, as it helps in killing germs.
• Drainage System : The kitchen should have proper drainage, and to prevent the entry of flies and mosquitoes, mesh doors should be installed.
• Lighting System : There should be adequate lighting both during the day and night.
• Clean Air : The kitchen should have access to fresh air and light from the outside through its walls.
• Exhaust Fan : An exhaust fan can be installed to remove smoke from the kitchen.
• Floor Color : The walls of the kitchen should be painted in light colors to help reflect light.

OR

Write the six steps in sequence when cleaning rooms thoroughly.

Answer - :Here are the six steps for cleaning rooms properly:

• Remove the items first : Remove all furniture, curtains, mattresses, etc., from the room.
• Dusting : Clean the dust from all surfaces, furniture, cupboards, and walls.
• Floor cleaning : Clean the floor of the room thoroughly by mopping or vacuuming.
• Clean the windows and doors : Clean the windows, doors, and any associated screens or curtains.
• Check for cleanliness : Ensure there is no dirt or dust left in any part of the room. Check carefully.
• Mopping : Finally, mop the floor. The water used for mopping should contain disinfectants like phenyl.

43. Sequence the steps of freezing peas.

Answer - : Here are the steps for freezing (preserving) peas :

Step 1: Take about half a kilogram of fresh, tender, and peeled peas.

Step 2: Take a sufficient amount of water in a stainless steel vessel, enough to completely submerge the peas. Add about one teaspoon of salt for every half-liter of water and bring it to a boil.

Step 3: Dip the peas into the boiling solution for about two minutes.

Step 4: Place the peas on a stainless steel mesh and let them cool for 10-15 minutes.

Step 5: Pack the peas into a plastic bag, press out the air, and seal the bag tightly.

Step 6: Place the bags of peas into the freezer.

44. This month Suchita had to buy medicines for Rs. 2,000 as she got sick. Suggest her three ways each by which she can

(i) supplement her income and                                      (ii) reduce her expenses.

Answer - (i) Three Ways to Increase Income:

• Work based on your abilities, knowledge, and skills. For example – tutoring, sewing clothes, making handicraft items, etc.
• Work part-time.
• Work overtime.

(ii) Three Ways to Reduce Expenses:

• Purchase fruits and vegetables according to the season.
• Avoid food wastage and reduce the habit of eating out.
• Control expenses on electricity, water, etc.

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45. Identify any two health risks of soil pollution. Give four suggestions to prevent this pollution.

Answer - :Health Risks Due to Soil Pollution:

• Heart diseases and cancer
• Nervous system-related problems

Four Suggestions to Prevent Soil Pollution:

• Proper disposal of household waste should be ensured so that flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches do not breed. Additionally, use environmentally friendly products.
• Instead of defecating in the open, use clean toilets.
• Limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
• Trees and plants prevent soil erosion and reduce pollution, so plant more trees.

OR

What are six possible reasons for the increase in polluted air?

Answer - :Six Possible Causes of Increased Air Pollution:

• Burning of domestic fuels (wood, coal, etc.).
• Smoke from fireworks and firecrackers.
• Pollution caused by construction activities and road dust.
• Harmful gases released from petrol and diesel vehicles, which pollute the air.
• Gases emitted from factories and industries contribute to air pollution.
• The use of solvents and spray paints also pollutes the environment.

46. Suggest any five ways to develop self esteem in adolescents.

Answer - :Here are five ways to develop self-esteem in adolescents:

1) Positive self-talk : Adolescents should be encouraged to think and speak positively about themselves. This helps strengthen their self-esteem.

2) Empowerment : Adolescents should be given opportunities to recognize and utilize their abilities. This boosts their self-esteem.

3) Support and encouragement : Adolescents should receive support and encouragement from their family and teachers. This helps enhance their self-esteem.

4) Importance of social relationships : Adolescents should be made to understand the value of healthy social relationships. When they build good relationships with friends and family, their self-esteem improves.

5) Healthy lifestyle : Regular exercise, a proper diet, and sufficient sleep strengthen adolescents' physical and mental health. When adolescents feel good about their body and mental state, their self-esteem naturally improves.

OR

Enlist any five myths and facts regarding menstruation during adolescence.

Answer - : Five myths and facts related to menstruation during adolescence:

 47. Give any five instructions to your sister to wash her coloured cotton articles at home.

Answer - :Instructions for washing colored cotton clothes at home:

• If the color of any cotton fabric is bleeding, do not soak it.
• Use a mild or neutral soap to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Use the scrubbing and wringing method to wash colored cotton clothes.
• Squeeze the clothes well and in the final step, turn them inside out and apply starch.
• Colored cotton clothes should be dried in the shade. If some moisture remains, iron the clothes, and only store them once they are completely dry.

OR

You have set up a dyeing unit. Explain to your workers about batik procedure and the four different stages at which different textiles are dyed.

Answer - :Introduction to the Batik process :  Batik is an ancient art form where beautiful and intricate designs are created on fabric using wax and dyes. In this process, the parts of the fabric that need to be protected from color are covered with wax, and then dye is applied.

Four stages of the Batik process :

Designing and Waxing :

• The desired design is created on the fabric.
• Hot wax (melted) is used to cover parts of the fabric according to the design.
• The wax protects these areas from the dye, resulting in the pattern emerging.

First Dyeing :

• The wax-covered fabric is dipped in a light-colored dye.
• The areas covered with wax remain protected from the dye, while the rest of the fabric absorbs the color.
• After dyeing, the fabric is dried.

Additional Waxing and Overdyeing :

• Wax is applied again to new areas to add depth and variety to the design.
• The fabric is then dipped in a darker dye.
• This process is repeated until all the desired colors are achieved.

Wax Removal and Finishing :

• The wax is removed by boiling the fabric in hot water or ironing it.
• Once the wax is removed, the beautiful and intricate design emerges on the fabric.
• The final fabric is washed, dried, and is ready for use.

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