NIOS Class-12th Question Paper Solution
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Question. 11-20
Ques 11. Inspite of taking iron rich foods, absorption of iron is very poor. What could be two possible reasons for this? Suggest two nutrients that can promote better absorption of iron.
Answer - Two reasons for poor iron absorption:
- Due to the presence of oxalate and phytate in our food, the use and communication of iron element reduces in the body.
- Tea contains tannins which reduce the rate of iron absorption in the body.
Two nutrients that promote better iron absorption:
Ques 12. Which four precautions should be taken while using pressure cooker to avoid accidents ?
Answer - The following precautions should be taken while using the pressure cooker:
- Do not fill the pressure cooker more than two-thirds full.
- Its safety valve and rubber gasket should be inspected from time to time. Replace immediately if damaged.
- The flame should be reduced as soon as the first whistle blows.
- Cooker should be taken off the heat after the food is cooked, but do not try to open its lid until the pressure of steam inside it is over.
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Ques 13. Your brother is now going to live in his new house. Suggest him four labour saving devices he should buy for his house, with reasons.
Answer - Following are the labor saving devices:
- Washing Machine: Use of washing machine saves time and energy. If you do not wash clothes in washing machine then you will have to wash clothes by hand. This will definitely take more time and energy.
- Pressure Cooker and Roti Rolling Machine: By using pressure cooker while cooking, the food is cooked in less time and quickly, which takes less time and labor and energy is saved by using roti rolling machine.
- Vacuum Cleaner: Along with simplification of work, the use of vacuum cleaner also saves labor and energy.
- Trolley or tray: If you have to take many things from one place to another, then you can save time and energy by using a trolley or tray.
Ques 14. Name four blended fabrics. How are they made? Give two reasons for their popularity.
Answer - Names Of Mixed Fabrics:
- Terrycott
- Cotswool
- Terrywool
- Cotton silk
When making blended fabrics, two fabrics are made together.
Two reasons for the popularity of blended fabrics:
- Terrycot is made by mixing cotton fibers with terylene (polyester). Terrycot fabric has the comfort of cotton and the easy care properties of terylene (polyester).
- The blended fabrics are comfortable and designed with care, making them snug and comfortable to wear. They can be comfortable as well as fashionable, helping people to choose their favorite outfit.
Ques 15. Briefly explain any four characteristics of cognitive development in middle childhood with examples.
Answer - Cognitive development refers to the way a child thinks, reasons and solves problems.
- Differentiation between fantasy and reality: For a young child, there is no difference between fantasy and reality. For a four year old, Santa Claus is real whereas a ten year old will immediately say that Santa Claus is imaginary. A small child believes that babies can be bought from a hospital whereas an older child will tell you that babies can not be bought at a hospital. We are sure you can quote many more examples of this kind.
- Understanding another’s point of view: Rohan’s mother is in the kitchen and asks him a question. Five year old Rohan who is playing in another room, nods in answer to the question. At that age Rohan thought that his mother could see him nod. At a slightly older age, say, at eight years, Rohan will be able to place himself in his mother’s shoes and realize that his mother can not see him nod. In other words, he will be able to understand another persons view point or EMPATHIZE with others.
- Reversibility: Show a mud ball to a four year old child. Make a bed out of it. Show it to the child. Now transform this bed into a snake. Now ask the child to make a bed out of it again. The child shows his inability. This happens because he/she is not able to think backwards clearly through the various steps. By middle childhood this ability starts developing and by eleven years, the child will be able to trace with expertise all the steps backwards. This ability to think and follow the steps backwards is called reversibility.
- Classification: You must have seen a set of playing cards. How many different ways can you classify them in? If you ask this question to a four year old, the child will insist that they can be arranged in only one way-probably by colour. But a nine-ten year old will be able to arrange i.e., CLASSIFY them in many different ways. So we see that in middle childhood, children realize that objects can be classified in many different ways.
Ques 16. In what four ways can consumers gain by consumer movement ?
Answer - The four ways can consumers gain by consumer movement are:
- Be aware of their rights and responsibilities and use them regularly,
- Take action and report cases of wrong practices to concerned authorities. It helps consumer to seek redressal and get the guilty punished,
- Share information regarding new products, consumer laws and schemes beneficial to them, and
- Represent the consumer interests to the Government.
Ques 17. Sequence the gross motor abilities of children from six to ten years.
Answer -
Ques 18. You are working as a dietitian in a private hospital. What four points would you consider while planning meals for a patient who is suffering diarrhoea ?
Answer – The four points would we consider while planning meals for a patient who is suffering diarrhoea are:
- In serious conditions, completely liquid diet should be given, but when the condition improves slightly, semi-liquid and soft diet should be started so that the nutritional needs of the patient can be met.
- The diet of the patient should be bland. It should not contain fruits and vegetables with fiber and seeds because it produces mechanical irritation in the intestines.
- Food items containing excessive chilli, spices, fried and oily food should be avoided. These food items cause chemical irritation in the intestines.
- The diet of a patient suffering from diarrhea should neither be too hot nor too cold, otherwise it causes thermal irritation in the body.
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Ques 19. Analyse any four causes of behavioural problems exhibited by small children.
Answer - The four causes of behavioural problems exhibited by small children:
- When children live in an environment which forbids any self-expression they pick up behaviours which are unacceptable.
- When parents and teachers expect too much from children and they are not able to keep upto expectations, they show unacceptable behaviour.
- Often children learn that unacceptable behaviours are tools to get what they want. For example, the child learns that when he hits his younger siblings parents attend to him or when he cries and rolls on the floor he gets the toy he wants.
- When there is a crisis in the child’s life. Children show unacceptable behaviours on birth of another sibling, the death of a beloved member of the family.
Ques 20. Labels are considered an important aid for consumers. Support this statement with the help of six examples.
Answer - Labels are important to consumers because they provide them with important information about products and services and provide helpful information.
Here are six examples that support this statement:
- Name of the product: The name of the product on the label helps consumers quickly identify what they are purchasing. For instance, on a food label, it specifies if the product is "whole wheat bread," helping consumers choose the type of bread they want.
- Net weight/volume/length: This information is critical for consumers to know exactly how much product they are getting for the price they are paying. For example, a label on a bottle of soda lists its volume in milliliters, allowing consumers to compare prices and make cost-effective choices.
- Brand name: The brand name on a label represents the reputation and quality associated with a product. Consumers often have preferences for specific brands due to past positive experiences or brand loyalty.
- Maximum retail price (MRP): The MRP on a label prevents price gouging and ensures that consumers are not overcharged for a product. This transparency helps consumers make informed purchasing decisions.
- Dates of manufacture and expiry: Particularly important for perishable goods and medications, these dates inform consumers about the product's freshness and effectiveness. Expired products can be potentially harmful or ineffective.
- Dosage in the case of medicines: For pharmaceutical products, the dosage information on the label is critical for patient safety and proper medication administration. Incorrect dosages can have serious health implications.
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